Odia (ଓଡ଼ିଆ) has its own script. The 2011 Census counted 3,75,21,324 people with Odia as their mother tongue, 3.10% of India and the ninth largest group. Odisha had 3,47,12,170. Chhattisgarh had 9,13,581, Jharkhand 5,31,077, Andhra Pradesh as in 2011 3,61,471 and Assam 2,18,552.
The Census groups several mother tongues under Odia, among them Sambalpuri (26,30,381 speakers), Bhatri (3,34,258) and Desia (2,27,313). Sambalpuri speakers are a separate test, and none of the sources runs it. The spelling of the name has changed: the Constitution’s Eighth Schedule now reads Odia, while Qwen3’s list says Oriya.
For English meetings, the Svarah paper measured Whisper large at 6.2% word error rate on speakers whose mother tongue is Odia, the same as native Urdu speakers (6.2%).